Ch. 5.1: Therapeutic Variables

Although I work to improve the body as a whole, I focus my efforts on the therapeutic variables of the integumentary (skin), muscular, and skeletal (joints) systems.

Written by

Willem Kramer

Published on

July 27, 2025

Although I improve all eleven systems and the body as a whole (see chapter 4.3 and chapter 4.5), I focus my work on the integumentary, muscular, and skeletal systems only. 

Through hands-on therapies and exercises, I do not directly alter these three systems; instead, I change their therapeutic variables. Unlike entire systems, therapeutic variables are easy to evaluate, quantify, and change.

Each organ system has its own unique combination of variables. 

Skin Pliability


Skin Mobility


Skin Pain

Muscle Pliability


Muscle Mobility


Muscle Pain


Muscle Strength


Muscle Length

Joint Alignment


Joint Mobility


Joint Pain


Joint ROM


Joint Stability

While all the variables can be measured and quantified to a degree, not all of them are considered evidence-based. However, when considered together, they provide a reliable and consistent indication of skin health, muscle health, and joint health.

In simpler terms, healthy skin is pliable, mobile, and pain-free. Healthy muscles are pliable, mobile, pain-free, strong, and flexible. And, healthy joints are correctly aligned, mobile, pain-free, stable, and have a sufficient range of motion.

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Author

Willem Kramer is a Netherlands-trained physiotherapist and US-licensed massage therapist with over thirty years of experience working with professional athletes, entertainers, and executives worldwide. He reorganizes anatomy around how the body moves, working from the premise that motion is a whole-body event involving all twelve organ systems within the anatomical planes of motion. He is the author of Anatomy by Planes — a three-atlas set with a foreword by Andrew Luck — and its companion Clinical & Training Guide, and the creator of Motion Anatomy (motionanatomy.com), a free introduction to the framework.

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